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- <text id=90TT0110>
- <title>
- Jan. 15, 1990: Disasters:Close Shave Off Morocco
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Jan. 15, 1990 Antarctica
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 38
- DISASTERS
- Close Shave off Morocco
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>An Iranian tanker spills nearly twice as much oil as the Exxon
- Valdez, but the immediate impact is far less dire
- </p>
- <p> It had all the makings of an ecological catastrophe. A
- mysterious explosion tears a huge gash in the hull of a
- supertanker off the northwest African coast, igniting a fire
- that forces the crew to abandon ship. For nearly two weeks, the
- leaking, foundering vessel is left to drift toward the rich
- fishing grounds and unspoiled beaches of Morocco. Some 19
- million gal. of crude oil ooze into the sea, nearly twice the
- amount disgorged by the Exxon Valdez in Alaska last March. A
- replay of grim images--gooey, blackened shorelines and
- oil-soaked animal corpses--appears inevitable.
- </p>
- <p> The actual event has so far proved to be far less damaging.
- Thanks to mild weather that kept the spill at bay, by the end
- of last week the 217-mile-long slick had stagnated about 29
- miles off the Moroccan coast. Though the spill from the Iranian
- supertanker Khark 5 is the 16th largest in history, its
- eventual impact on the environment and Morocco's economy may
- be relatively mild. But until the oil is completely dispersed,
- changes in the weather may yet push the crude onto the shore.
- That possibility was keeping Moroccans on edge. "We are at the
- mercy of the winds," said Abdelkader Benothman, police chief of
- coastal Oualidia.
- </p>
- <p> The 284,632-ton Khark 5, en route from the Persian Gulf, had
- been steaming toward Rotterdam when the blast crippled her in
- rough seas some 100 miles northwest of Casablanca. The cause
- of the explosion remained unknown last week, although Iranian
- Oil Minister Gholamreza Aqazadeh attributed the blast to the
- rupture of one of the ship's storage tanks during a storm.
- </p>
- <p> What happened next is disputed. According to French
- Environment Minister Brice Lalonde, who flew to Morocco to
- consult with authorities in the former French protectorate, the
- response lagged while the ship's owner, the National Iranian
- Tanker Co., bargained over the price of salvage with the
- Rotterdam-based firm Smit Tak. "Thirteen days were lost while
- they haggled like rug merchants," lamented Lalonde. Smit Tak
- explained that it was hamstrung by Spain and Morocco, which
- refused to allow the Khark 5 to be towed closer to their shores,
- where the company thought it could seal the leaks.
- </p>
- <p> The Moroccan government, ill equipped to handle the spill
- on its own, inexplicably hesitated before publicly revealing
- the accident or calling for international assistance. "It's
- just unbelievable," oceanographer Jacques Cousteau told French
- radio. "A major disaster, and nobody moves."
- </p>
- <p> Last week British, Spanish and French spill experts were on
- hand to help, but little could be done. Although 40% of the
- Iranian light crude had evaporated, the remainder was harder
- to dispel. Chemical dispersants, sprayed in limited quantities
- early in the week to break down the crude and make it sink,
- were effective for only a few days, until the oil emulsified,
- or mixed and bonded with seawater. Closer to shore, crews
- floated booms to protect oyster beds against the oil patch,
- which at one point came to within twelve miles.
- </p>
- <p> Some experts warn that although much of the oil has sunk to
- the ocean floor, where it does not endanger seabirds, it may
- poison fishing grounds and oyster beds, which provide Morocco
- with thousands of jobs and sizable export revenues. Over the
- next few months, clumps of the remaining slick may yet wash
- ashore. The Moroccan coastline, which is fairly straight, may
- be easier to clean than the shores of Prince William Sound,
- which is serrated by scores of tiny inlets. But another danger
- is that if the Khark 5 encounters rough seas as it is towed to
- calm waters near the Cape Verde islands for salvaging, it may
- break up, releasing the remaining 53 million gal. of its cargo.
- </p>
- <p> Whatever the ultimate effect on marine life, the Khark 5
- accident should sharpen scrutiny of the world's aging
- supertanker fleet. A number of the leviathans are approaching
- 15 years of age, which many shipping experts believe is near
- the end of their life-span, barring major renovations.
- Operators, on the other hand, insist that with proper
- maintenance the mammoth vessels can be used far longer.
- </p>
- <p> Trusting shippers to keep their fleets in shape is another
- matter. Iran has been a major offender: over the past 14
- months, authorities in Rotterdam have detained five Iranian
- tankers for maintenance deficiencies and barred their departure
- until repairs were carried out. The Khark 5 was not among them,
- but perhaps it should have been: the vessel, which was damaged
- three times in air strikes during the Iran-Iraq war, may have
- been structurally unsound. Yet Tehran seemed unmoved by the
- spill. Morocco's close shave, said Hassan Mohammadi, spokesman
- for Iran's environmental protection organization, was just an
- "ordinary matter."
- </p>
- <p>By Lisa Beyer. Reported by Margot Hornblower/Oualidia and David
- Postman/Juneau.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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